Ethereum Scaling in 2025: Inside the Fusaka Upgrade

Ethereum Scaling in 2025: Inside the Fusaka Upgrade

Blockchain Ethereum

Crypto APIs Team

May 20, 2025 • 4 min

As Ethereum continues to evolve at a rapid pace, the blockchain ecosystem is gearing up for one of the most impactful network upgrades to date — the Fusaka upgrade. Following the successful implementation of Pectra, Fusaka is expected to bring transformative changes that will redefine how Ethereum handles scalability, state storage, and developer tooling. This marks another strategic step in Ethereum’s long-term roadmap aimed at enhancing performance, decentralization, and usability.

At Crypto APIs, we are closely following Ethereum's protocol advancements to ensure our infrastructure remains fully optimized and future-ready. Below, we break down the key features of the Fusaka upgrade, how it compares to previous updates, and what it means for the Ethereum ecosystem and Web3 services like ours.

What Is Ethereum Fusaka?

Fusaka is the codename for Ethereum’s upcoming hard fork, combining two major upgrades:

  • Fulu (Consensus Layer)
     
  • Osaka (Execution Layer)

This combined fork introduces major enhancements that will lay the groundwork for Ethereum’s long-term scalability and infrastructure goals. Scheduled for late 2025, Fusaka is set to deliver:

  • Peer-to-Peer Data Availability Sampling (PeerDAS)
     
  • Verkle Tree implementation for state management
     
  • Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) Object Format improvements

Key Features of the Fusaka Upgrade

1. PeerDAS: Enabling True Rollup Scalability

PeerDAS will revolutionize how Ethereum nodes handle rollup data. Rather than requiring each validator to download and store full data blobs, the PeerDAS approach distributes data availability responsibilities through random sampling. This means:

  • Nodes only download small data chunks instead of entire blobs.
     
  • Ethereum can safely increase data capacity per block.
     
  • Rollups will benefit from significantly lower fees and higher throughput.
     

This innovation is a major step toward Ethereum’s full danksharding vision and will play a central role in scaling Layer 2 activity while preserving decentralization.

2. Verkle Trees: Lighter, Smarter State Management

Verkle trees will replace the current Merkle Patricia Trie structure used for storing Ethereum’s state. By introducing this new structure:

  • State proofs become much smaller and more efficient.
     
  • Ethereum will support stateless clients — nodes that do not need to store the full state to validate blocks.
     
  • Running a full node becomes more accessible, boosting decentralization.
     

This change directly targets Ethereum’s long-term sustainability by reducing the burden of state bloat.

3. Improved EVM Contract Structure

The upgrade will also implement an enhanced Ethereum Virtual Machine Object Format (EOF), designed to:

  • Simplify contract deployment and structure.
     
  • Improve code validation and execution efficiency.
     
  • Lower gas costs and enhance security for smart contracts.

These improvements aim to make Ethereum more developer-friendly, encouraging safer and more powerful decentralized application development.

How Fusaka Builds on the Pectra Upgrade

While Fusaka is a standalone upgrade, it builds directly upon the foundations set by Pectra, Ethereum’s mid-2025 hard fork. Here's how they align:

UpgradeFocus AreasImpact
PectraAccount abstraction, staking enhancements, blob scalingImproved UX, validator efficiency, initial rollup cost reductions
FusakaPeerDAS, Verkle Trees, EVM structureRollup scalability, state efficiency, developer optimization

Together, they:

  • Expand Ethereum’s capacity for Layer 2 activity.
     
  • Address long-standing issues with node storage and gas efficiency.
     
  • Solidify Ethereum’s roadmap into the "Surge" (scaling) and "Verge" (state optimization) phases.
     

By increasing blob data throughput and introducing state management improvements, Fusaka complements Pectra and completes several essential milestones in Ethereum’s technical evolution.

Why This Matters for Web3 Infrastructure

The Fusaka upgrade is not just a technical refinement — it’s a paradigm shift. Its successful implementation will:

  • Enable Ethereum to handle thousands of transactions per second through Layer 2 rollups.
     
  • Reduce gas costs across decentralized applications.
     
  • Lower hardware barriers for node operators and validators.
     
  • Create more space for developers to build advanced, cost-efficient smart contracts.

These changes reinforce Ethereum’s role as the leading platform for decentralized applications, and they will reshape the demands placed on API providers, node operators, and infrastructure services.

What It Means for ETH and the Ecosystem

Anticipation around the Fusaka upgrade is already influencing market sentiment. Following previous Ethereum upgrades like Pectra, ETH saw notable price rallies — a pattern that could repeat as Fusaka’s launch approaches. By unlocking greater throughput and enhancing usability, Fusaka strengthens Ethereum’s position in the broader Layer 1 ecosystem, making it more competitive with faster chains.

More than just price speculation, the upgrade is expected to attract increased developer activity and enterprise adoption as Ethereum becomes cheaper and more efficient to use.

Crypto APIs Is Ready for What Comes Next

At Crypto APIs, we understand the importance of adapting early to Ethereum’s evolving infrastructure. We continuously monitor Ethereum’s upgrade cycles and core development discussions to:

  • Ensure full compatibility with network changes.
     
  • Optimize our Ethereum endpoints and services in line with performance improvements.
     
  • Maintain seamless service during transition periods.
     

As Fusaka goes live, we will ensure that all our customers continue to benefit from uninterrupted, high-performance access to Ethereum's mainnet and testnets. Whether you're building on Ethereum directly or via Layer 2s, Crypto APIs will remain your trusted partner for reliable blockchain infrastructure.

Final Thoughts

The Fusaka upgrade represents Ethereum’s boldest move yet toward scaling without compromise. By introducing PeerDAS and Verkle trees, it tackles two of Ethereum’s biggest bottlenecks — data throughput and state size — while empowering developers with better tools and execution environments.

As Ethereum transitions through this critical stage, Crypto APIs is committed to supporting your business every step of the way. From scaling your dApp to automating smart contract deployment, our APIs and tools are already being adapted to reflect the next era of Ethereum.

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